6.+Efficacy+of+Lasers



Efficacy of Lasers Yelena Bobova #23 Aoki, A., Miyuki Sasaki, K., Watanbe, H., Ishikava, I. (2004). Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. //Periodontology 2000//, 36(1), 59-97. This article reviews the potential use of laser treatment in nonsurgical therapy for periodontal diseases. The article compares the efficacy of the traditional conventional therapy with laser treatment for periodontal diseases. It also discusses the primary disadvantage related to the use of laser therapy.

Mathew, B., & Prasanth, S. S. (2011). LASERS IN DENTISTRY. // Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Journal //, // 2 //(2), 148-150.

Both the article that I chose and Carranza have similar information regarding the use of lasers in dentistry. Carranza describes the different types of lasers that can be used in the dental office and explains which ones can be used on specific surfaces. Some advantages of using lasers that were expressed in both the book and in my article are the bacterialcidal effects, greater hemostasis, and decrease in wounds. Some disadvantages that are associated with the use of lasers are the precautions that must be taken with their use. Irradiation can have harmful effects especially on the eyes. Overall the use of lasers in dentistry is an advantage but proper care of the equipment must be taken to protect the clinician and the patient. Elina Sandoval #34

Yazami, H., Azehoui, N., Ahariz, M., Rey, G., & Sauvetre, E. (2004). Periodontal Evaluation of an Nd: YAP Laser Combined with Scaling and Root Planing for Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment. A Clinical Evaluation. //Journal Of Oral Laser Applications//, //4//(2), 97-102. In my article the purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of periodontal pocket treatment by initial periodontal therapy alone or associated with Nd:YAP laser therapy. Both my article and Carranza stated the use and benefits of using laser therapy as having excellent soft tissue ablation, hemostatic and bactericidal effects, with minimal wound contraction. The conclusion of my article indicated that through the study adjunct Nd:YAP laser treatment during the initial phase of nonsurgical periodontal therapy provided better clinical results than those obtained with initial periodontal therapy alone. My article continued to state that other studies are necessary to ascertain the role of Nd:YAP laser in nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Carranza states that improper irradiation in treatment of periodontal pockets could cause thermal damage to root surfaces, pocket walls and destruction of intact attachment apparatus at the base of a pocket. I have gathered from my article and Carranza that there is a learning curve in knowledge/training/technique on how to use the lasers in treatment and it is critical to know how and when to implement them in order to have beneficial results without causing inadvertent irridation of tissues that should be avoided.Arlene C. Sides #35 My article stated that lasers had some use but needed to be used as an adjunct to SRP’s. The pro’s and cons seem to be the same in my article and Carranza. Carranza States that the most used lasers in density is the Nd: YAG, CO2: YAG, Er,Cr: YAG and Argon. They have been used to on dental hard tissue and carries but have been unsuccessful due to the thermal damage that they cause. Lasers used for the treatment of perio is tricky because there is both types of tissue present hard and soft…The CO2 and Nd:YAG laser seem to do well with the soft tissue but the thermal damage is still a threat to the root surface and alveolar bone and adjacent tissues. These laser usually serve their purpose in treatment of gingivectomy, frenectomy and pigmentation removal. with the use of lasers operator, assisstant and patient must always wear protective eye wear CA20
 * __Advantages:__**
 * Greater hemostatis, bactericidal effect
 * Minimal wound contraction
 * __Disadvantages:__**
 * Melting
 * Cracking and carbonization of hard tissues
 * Thermal root damage
 * Other soft tissue damage that was not indented ( eyes, other oral tissues)
 * Melting of enamel
 * Refection of laser beams causing damage to other tissues
 * __NOTE:__**

Giovani, E. M., Martins, R. B., Melo, J. J., & Tortamano, N. (2007). Use of GaAIAs Laser in the Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis in Patients Seropositive for HIV/AIDS. //Journal Of Oral Laser Applications//, //7//(1), 55-64.

My article discusses the use of lasers in the treatment of NUP in patients with HIV/AIDS and how it can reduce the pain and increase the healing tim, which would prevent these immunocompromised patients from developing opportunistic infections from medications. They used a low level laser called GaAIAs which proved to treat their NUP with no antibiotics. Carranza explains that lasers are approved for soft tissue management in periodontal and oral surgeries, and that lasers on hard tissue can cause thermal damage. He explains that lasers are used for procedures such as a gingivectomy, frenectomy, removal of melanin pigmentation, and amalgam tattoos. Carranza explains that some advantages of laser treatment include greater hemostasis, bactericidal effects, and minimal wound contraction. Carranza explains that a disadvantage would be that the laser beams could reach the patient’s eyes and other tissues surrounding the oral cavity. He also explains that there is a risk of damage to the underlying bone and pulp, and that proper techniques and conditions need to be followed when using lasers.

Amber Starnes 36

--- Braun, A., Jepsen, S., Deimling, D., & Ratka-Krüger, P. (2010). Subjective intensity of pain during supportive

periodontal treatment using a sonic scaler or an Er:YAG laser. //Journal Of Clinical Periodontology//, //37//(4), 340-345.

My article mentions that the Er:YAG laser offers a bactericidal effect and Carranza also mentions lasers have offer greater hemostasis and minimal wound contraction. Carranza discusses all the different types of laser available and what the advantages and disadvantages are. My articles main focus was to determine if sonic scalers or lasers resulted in less pain and patient discomfort. The results of the study showed that the laser was less painful and mentions that it’s important to offer treatment with minimal pain and discomfort to gain patient compliance during periodontal therapy.

Lauren #38

Gaspirc, B., & Skaleric, U. (2003). Lasers in Periodontics. Journal Of Oral Laser Applications, 3(3), 135-140.

My article talks about the different types of lasers that are being studied for use in periodontology, and the pros and cons that go along with them. Caranza also talks about the current and potential applications of lasers in dentistry. These lasers all have different applications. Some are used for calculus removal, soft tissue surgery, gingival curettage, calculus detection, and removal of caries. My article did not go into the potential risks involved with lasers, but did list some of the reasons that certain lasers should not be used for certain procedures. Caranza mentions that there may be side-effects such as tissue destruction due to excessive heating of the tissue surface. Destruction of attachment apparatus, excessive ablation of root surfaces, gingival tissues, pulp and osseous are other potential risks that may occur with the use of lasers. Overall, the findings seem to indicate that the laser has many uses in periodontology, but may not be suitable for all periodontal procedures. Elle 33

Olivi, G. G., & Genovese, M. D. (2011). Laser restorative dentistry in children and adolescents. European Archives Of Paediatric Dentistry, 12(2), 68-78.

The big Idea for my article is that the use of laser is commonly used on hard tissue for diagnosing, preventative, and restorative dentistry. The use of lasers is extremely safe compared with rotating instruments. They have a lower risk of accidental damage to soft tissue and the pulp tissue. That is why the use of laser supported dental diagnosis is becoming the gold standard to treat children successfully. My article talks about the difference of water molecules within the tissue. Once energy is absorbed by the water it converts into heat causing an increase steam pressure allowing the tissue to blast away.

Monica Gutierrez#27

Hakki, S., Berk, G., Dundar, N., Saglam, M., & Berk, N. (2010). Effects of root planing procedures with hand instrument or erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser irradiation on the root surfaces: a comparative scanning electron microscopy study. //Lasers In Medical Science//, //25//(3), 345-353. Retrieved March 25, 2012 from: [].

In my article the big idea was that over all, laser treatment is capable of the same results as scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodonitis. Carranza states that lasers are used in periodontal therapy such as subgingival debridement. Lasers do have great hemostasis and bacterial effect with minimal wound contraction, but they have a strong thermal side effects. My article aslo stated the thermal side effects, but stated that if used properly, setting wise, this can be eliminated. Natalie Baeza #22

Corbet, E.; Jin, L.; Lui, J., (2011). Combined photodynamic and low-level laser therapies as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. //Journal of Periodontal Research, 46 (1), 89-96.// Lasers can be very beneficial in dentistry they can be used for periodontitis or in carries removal. Lasers are a great adjunct therapy to root planing and scaling. The CO2, Nd: YAG, and the diode laser are the three lasers used in periodontics. Lasers can help with the reduction of bacterial populations, hemostasis, and cause very little postoperative pain. They can cause some damage to the cementum on roots. Velinda Davis #24

Sicilia, A., Cuesta-Frechoso, S., Suárez, A., Angulo, J., Pordomingo, A., & De Juan, P. (2009). Immediate efficacy of diode laser application in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity in periodontal maintenance patients: a randomized clinical trial. //Journal Of Clinical Periodontology//, //36//(8), 650-660. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01433.x

Lasers have a variety of uses in the dental office according to Carranza such as tissue healing, caries removal, bacterial reduction, etc. My article discusses the use of lasers in reduction of tooth sensitivity. Proper use of lasers will prevent burns and radiative effects. As technoogy progresses and different strengths and types of lasers become available and more widely used, clinicians need to understand their implications and indications.

AH 28

The big idea of my article talked about the different types of lasers used in dentistry and how, since their introduction in 1964 they've come a long way. Today lasers are used for a variety of reasons. Lasers can be used to do soft tissue surgery (remove soft tissue, relieve dentin hypersensitivity, treat gingival pigmentation, used to treat apthous ulcers, detect caries and even remove calculus and plaque. The use of lasers is increasing in the field of dentistry, and as the knowledge and technology increases the more they will be a useful tool in dentistry. However, at this time they are only used as an adjunct to traditional dentistry

Prasad, S. V., Reddy, R. N., & Agarwal, N. (2011). Lasers in Periodontics: A Review. //Indian Journal Of Stomatology//, //2//(3), 179-182. -Kim Robinson

De Micheli, G., de Andrade, A., Alves, V., Seto, M., Pannuti, C., & Cai, S. (2011). Efficacy of high intensity diode laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial. //Lasers In Medical Science//, //26//(1), 43-48.

My article primarily discusses the use of lasers for irradiation after scaling and root planning. Carranza explains that lasers can be used for calculus removal, soft tissue surgery, gingival curettage, gingivectomy and removal of caries. Some of the benefits of laser treatment are its bactericidal effects with minimal wound contraction and hemostasis. He also explains to take extra precautions because improper use can cause tissue destruction, thermal damage to root surfaces, and it can even cause damage to the attachment apparatus. Charlene Malit #29