1.+Efficacy+of+Toothbrushes+and+Interproximal+Aids

Efficacy of Toothbrushes & Interproximal Aids Bergenholtz, A., Olsson, A. (2008). Efficacy of plaque-removal using interdental brushes and waxed dental floss. European Journal of Oral Science, 92(3), 198-203.

This research discusses the plaque removal efficacy of waxed floss and interdental toothbrushes. The results of the study shows that use of interdental brush is more effective in removing plaque in interproximal areas with large interdental space than use of waxed floss. YB 23

Taschner, M., Rumi, K., Master, A. S., Wei, J., Strate, J., & Pelka, M. (2012). Comparing Efficacy of Plaque Removal Using Professionally Applied Manual and Power Toothbrushes in 4- to 7-year-old Children. //Pediatric Dentistry//, //34//(1), 61-65. Retrieved May 12, 2012 from: []. In this article a study was done on the efficacy of plaque removal using professionally applied manual Oral B stage 3 toothbrush compared to the Phillips Sonicare for kids power toothbrush in 4-7 year old children. The study used 4-7 year old subjects and each subject had their teeth brushed by a registered dental hygienist. The technique used was a small pea size of the same dentrifice on each toothbrush and each subject was brushed at a 45 degree angle angle of the vestibular gum line with light pressure. Results showed that the power toothbrush removed more plaque by 12-18%. Carranza states that powered toothbrushes have good patient acceptance and have been shown to improve oral health for children, adolescents, children with physical or mental disabilities, hospitalized patients, including those older adults who have their teeth cleaned by a caregiver, and patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. From studies done on powered toothbrushes compared to manual, powered toothbrushes removed slightly, but significantly more plaque and additional interproximal plaque removal. Natalie Baeza #22

Imai, P. H., & Hatzimanolakis, P. C. (2011). Interdental brush in Type I embrasures: Examiner blinded randomized clinical trial of bleeding and plaque efficacy. //Canadian Journal Of Dental Hygiene//, //45//(1), 25-32.

My article discusses the importance of interdental aids because brushing does not remove the plaque biofilm inbetween the teeth. They explain that daily compliance ranges from 11%-30% due to patient’s lack of ability and motivation. They explain that in previous studies patients preferred interdental brushes over flossing because it is easy to use. Their study was on 30 patients who had a data collection at 6 and 12 weeks. They were to use floss on one side and an interdental brush on the other. At the 6 and 12 week re-eval they received a debridement and evaluated for bleeding and plaque scores. The results showed that from the baseline to week 6, as well as the baseline to week 12, the mean bleeding and plaque scores were significantly reduced in interdental brushes. Carranza explains that interdental brushes are suitable for large, irregular, or concavetooth surfaces adjacent to wide interdental spaces. It is good for furcations, isolated areas of deep recession, and work well on the lingual surfaces of mandibular molars and premolars. Amber Starnes 36

Wolff, D., Joerss, D., & Dörfer, C. E. (2006). In Vitro-Cleaning Efficacy of Interdental

Brushes with Different Stiffness and Different Diameter//. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 4//(4), 279-285.

The big idea for this topic is that the use of interdental brushes such as soft or hard can be effective in preventing the interproximal tissue from disease. Both hard and soft brushes were effective at removing plaque and patient often prefer the use of the soft interdental brush because of the flexibility and easy to reach areas. It is important that as clinicians we provide proper instructions and where they should be used. Monica Gutierrez #27

Zanatta, F., Bergoli, A., Werle, S., & Antoniazzi, R. (2011). Biofilm Removal and Gingival Abrasion with Medium and Soft Toothbrushes. //Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry//, //9//(2), 177-183.

This article compares the effectiveness of biofilm removal with a medium toothbrush and a soft toothbrush. The bristles of a medium toothbrush remove more biofilm in this study, however, the medium toothbrush also caused more gingival recession. Using a toothpaste removed more plaque than using water due to the toothpaste being more abrasive. Carranza discusses the different types of bristles and their hardness and how toothbrush bristles reach slightly interproximal but do better on the direct surface of the tooth. AH 28

Kuchenbecker^Rösing, C., Daudt, F., Festugatto, F., & Oppermann, R. (2006). Efficacy of Interdental Plaque Control Aids in Periodontal Maintenance Patients: A Comparative Study. //Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry//, //4//(2), 99-103.

Caranza talks about how toothbrushes and different types of periodontal aids can be effective in certain areas of the mouth. In general all patients benefit from the use of a toothbrush whether it is a manual or electric. It is important that patient have a good understanding for the proper use of all intraoral aids and tooth brushing techniques so there can be an effective outcome. Interdental aids are used in conjunction to toothbrushes for patients who have tooth complexities and cannot effectively access particular areas of the teeth. My article focuses on the effectiveness of using dental floss versus interdental brushes in periodontally involved patients. ES 33

===Anderssonb, P., Birkheda, D., Lingströma, P., Särnera, B. (2010). Recommendations by Dental Staff and Use of Toothpicks, Dental Floss and Interdental Brushes for Approximal Cleaning in an Adult Swedish Population. //Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 8(2), 184-////195.//=== The mouth contains many microorganisms and plaque growth occurs within hours if it is undisrupted it can mineralize to calculus. Patients can remove plaque with a toothbrush, but need interdentally aides to remove in between their teeth. There are many different types of interdental aides and they should be recommended based off the patients needs. Common interdental aides are floss, interdental brushes, wooden toothpicks, and the rubber tip stimulator. Velinda Davis #24

Kallar, S. S., Pandit, I. K., Srivastava, N. N., & Gugnani, N. N. (2011). Plaque removal efficacy of powered and manual toothbrushes under supervised and unsupervised conditions: A comparative clinical study. //Journal Of The Indian Society Of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry//, //29//(3), 235-238. doi:10.4103/0970-4388.85832

After reading Carranza and the article that I had I feel that the big idea for efficacy of toothbrushes is all in patient compliance. Although there are numerous types of toothbrushes in the supermarkets with different tut design layouts, different handles and so on; if a patient believes it works better let them use it. Powered toothbrush are great for children or patients with limited dexterity but the powered toothbrush may lose the novelty effect after a few months.

A Yanez 37

Oliveira, L., Zardetto, C., de Oliveira Rocha, R., Rodrigues, C., & Wanderley, M. (2011). Effectiveness of Triple-headed Toothbrushes and the Influence of the Person Who Performs the Toothbrushing on Biofilm Removal. //Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry//, //9//(2), 137-141. My article compared the efficacy of removal of plaque biofilm with conventional and triple-headed toothbrushes on occlusal surfaces and to verify the influence of the person who performed the toothbrushing. Mothers and dentist brushed the occlusal and smooth surfaces of 4 year old children in a crossover study. Removal of plaque biofilm was evaluated using the bacterial plaque revealer Plaque Test before and after toothbrushing one minute per arch; done on two separate appointments and one week apart with one type of toothbrush at the first appointment and the other type at the second appointment. The results were that the triple-headed toothbrush showed better performance than the conventional one when the mother brushed the teeth and the dentist removed more than the mother, however both had effective plaque biofilm removal. After reading my article and Carranza, the most important aspect of toothbrushes and oral health aids is in the ability of the user to implement them in their intended use. There are many types of toothbrushes but their efficacy depends on the operator and his/her ability to use them appropriately. This is also true for oral health aids, there are an array of options and each with specific uses; with this assortment and specificity, it is crucial for the clinician to be knowledgeable of their intended uses and to be able to make the appropriate recommendations to his/her patient to obtain optimal benefits from these aids. ACS #35

Slot, D., Dörfer, C., & Van der Weijden, G. (2008). The efficacy of interdental brushes

on plaque and parameters of periodontal inflammation: a systematic review.

//International Journal Of Dental Hygiene//, //6//(4), 253-264

This article compared if brushing alone or brushing and using an interdental brush removes more dental plaque in between teeth. Interdental brushes are important because tooth brushing alone removes plaque at buccal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces. An interdental brush effectively removes plaque between the teeth and works better then floss in areas with wider contacts. According to Carranza and the article both mention that the main goal is to gain patient compliance to have the patient successfully cooperate with daily plaque removal. My article also mentions it is important to find the proper interdental aid a patient likes to increase their compliance. LC #38

My article did a experiment to try and determine if the design of the toothbrush bristles was more effective in removing plaque, or if it was the method of tooth brushing that was important. Following a series of experiments, the research determined it was the shape or style of the toothbrush, but rather the method of toothbushing that made the removal of plaque successful. The Bass method was the most efficient method to remove plaque.

Carranza states that not only is the method important, but patient compliance as well to maintain an absence of gingivitis and periodontal disease. There are a variety of different interdental products avaialble to suit the patients oral health needs.

Bergenholtz, A., Gustafsson, L. B., Segerlund, N., Hagberg, C., & Östby, P. (1984). Role of brushing technique and toothbrush design in plaque removal. //Scandinavian Journal Of Dental Research//, //92//(4), 344-351.

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Kleisner, J., & Imfeld, T. (1993). Evaluation of the efficacy of interdental cleaning devices: How to design a clinical study. Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, 20(10), 707-713. doi:10.1111/1600-051X.ep13445163

My article discusses the efficacy of the overall use of interdental aids. Some of the interdental aids that were used were floss, interdental brushes, waxed floss, and toothpicks. Carranza explains the different types of toothbrushes and interdental aids that can be used. He explains the different textures and the advantages of each aid. Every interdental aid and tooth brush should be individualized and patients should receive proper home care instruction to prevent from soft tissue damage.

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Imai, P. H., Yu, X., & MacDonald, D. (2012). Comparison of interdental brush to dental floss for reduction of clinical parameters of periodontal disease: A systematic review. //Canadian Journal Of Dental Hygiene //, //46 //(1), 63-78.

The big idea of my article was in regards to interdental aids and patient compliance. The article discussed a study that was done to compare interdental brushes and dental floss to see which one would be more effective. The patients preferred the interdental brush because it was easier to use and the studies showed that the inderdental brush reduced BOP's and plaque. I think another main idea of this article was to inform people that everybody has different tooth structures, dexterity, and opinions and that we need to have different options for our patients and figure out what would be best for that patient to use so that they can better their oral health. In Carranza, he showed many different interedental aids and discussed the benefits of each as well as how to use them and I think the big idea is to make sure to show the patient how to use these aids correctly so that they can be effective at doing their job; the technique is the most important thing and that the aid needs to be used for what it is intended to be used for. \ SF25