A-10+Connection+Between+Heart+Disease+and+Periodontal+Disease



The Connection Between Heart Disease and Periodontal Disease Nesarhoseini, V., Khosravi, K. Periodontitis as a risk factor in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. (2010). //ARYA Atherosclerosis//, 6(3). This study explains possible theories of relationship between perio disease and CAD. The first theory is that oral bacteria affect the heart when they enter the blood stream, attaching to fatty plaques in the coronary arteries and contributing to clot formation. Another theory suggests that some of the periodontal pathogens have been identified in early as well as advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Inflammation caused by periodontal disease increases plaque buildup, which may contribute to swelling of the arteries. Y.B. 23

Humphrey, L., Fu, R., Buckley, D., Freeman, M., & Helfand, M. (2008). Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. //Journal Of General Internal Medicine//, //23//(12), 2079-2086. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from: []. In this article research was done by searching through Medline identifiying studies done on periodontal disease and the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Through reasearch, periodontal disease is a risk factor for CHD though reletively weak. Those with periodontal disease have approximately a 24-35% increase risk for CHD. Other factors also may be acontributing factor to CHD such as socioeconomic status and hygiene. Carranza states that Periodontal disease and CHD are both related to lifestyle and share numerous risk factors. In studies research shows those with periodontitis have a 25% increase risk for CHD compared to those with no or minimal periodontal disease. Therefore, periodontal disease is a risk factor for CHD. N.B. 22

Mattila, K. J., Asikainen, S. S., Wolf, J. J., Jousimies-Somer, H. H., Valtonen, V. V., & Nieminen, M. M. (2000). Age, Dental Infections, and Coronary Heart Disease. Journal Of Dental Research, 79(2), 756-760.

This article discusses the how dental infections are associated with the patient age and leads to coronary heart disease. Based on the studies most of the participants were evaluated in periodontal indices that assessed their periodontal health they also evaluated their socio-economic status as well as how often they had dental services. Patient that had the same age had the same severity of dental infections but where not linked to coronary heart disease. The coronary risk factor varies in every patient and the role of dental infections as well. Monica Gutierrez#27

_

Matthews, D. (2008). Possible link between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease.

//Evidence-Based Dentistry//, //9//(1), 8

The article showed a higher risk of developing CHD, in people with periodontal disease. Carranza states patients with periodontal disease have 25% increased risk for CHD compared with those with no or minimal perio disease. Carranza and my article both discuss the common risk factors for both perio disease and CAD include smoking, socioeconomic status and glycemic control (Diabetes). Carranza mentions that it’s important for the clinician to enhance the patient’s dental health to help reduce the risk of systemic diseases. Lauren #38

Nakajima, T., & Yamazaki, K. (2009). Periodontal disease and risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. //Odontology//, //97//(2), 84-91. doi:10.1007/s10266-009-0104-9

Having certain systemic conditions has not been proven to be caused by having periodontal disease; but there is a strong correlation between incidences of systemic disorders such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke, respiratory disease, and even low birth rates that may be related to periodontal disease. Patients with poor oral hygiene and large amounts of calculus have been known to have a higher risk for coronary heart disease. My article and Caranza seem to be in strong agreement with Caranza suggesting a stronger causative link between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. ES 33 Furuholm, J., Janket, J., Meurman, J., Nuutinen, P., Qvarnstrçm, M., Sorsa, T., Tervahartiala, T. (2006). Salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 in patients with and without coronary heart disease may indicate an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. //Journal of Periodontal Research, 41: 486–489.// There is a strong link between the severity of periodontal disease and the severity of CHD. According to Carranza Adults with periodontitis have a 25% increase in the risk of CHD. Patients with poor oral hygiene have an increase risk for CHD. Patients with CHD have higher levels of MMP-8 which is associated with increased tissue breakdown in patients with periodontal disease. Velinda Davis #24

Smitha, C. N., Soni, S., & Basu, S. K. (2011). Role of C-Reactive protein and periodontal disease in systemic health: A review. // Journal Of Advanced Dental Research //, // 2 // (1), 1-5.

Research has shown the connection between Chronic Peridontitist and Heart disease. Both are caused by chronic inflammation and are associated with an increase in reactive C-Proteins. According to Carranza, periodontal disease is associated with tissue break down and can spread to the heart. Individuals that have chronic perio disease have a 25% increase of suffering from heart disease.

Newman, M.G., Takei, H.H.,Klokkevold,P.R.,&Carranza,F.A. (2006). Carranza's Clinical Periodontology (10th ed.).St. Louis KR32

Nakajima, T., Honda, T., Domon, H., Okui, T., Kajita, K., Ito, H., & ... Yamazaki, K. (2010). Periodontitis-associated up-regulation of systemic inflammatory mediator level may increase the risk of coronary heart disease. //Journal Of Periodontal Research//, //45//(1), 116-122

Various studies have identified a link between periodontal disease and CVD; this article reflects a study which measured the microscopic mediators involved in that connection. As Carranza states, there is a wide range of risk factors that play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and this article mentions that diet and lifestyle will largely influence it development. However, inflammatory C-proteins that are present in periodontal disease are also indicators in inflammation of the arteries, which is a risk for CVD. Many individuals who die due to cardiovascular related disease have a high rate of periodontal disease as well. AH28

Rai, B., Kharb, S., Jain, R., & Anand, S. C. (2009). Periodontitis, C-reactive Protein and Peripheral Blood; Links with Cardiovascular Disease. Advances In Medical & Dental Sciences, 3(3), 76-79.

My article discusses the link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. They explain that chronic inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis may influence the atherosclerotic process by increasing the haemostatic variable which promotes the haemostatic plugs and thrombi and rheological variables, both of which play important roles in pathogenesis of vascular disease. Moderately elevated numbers of leukocytes have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, since higher numbers of leukocytes increase the blood rheology, more cells make blood more viscous, and more cells may adhere to endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, also decreasing blood flow. Carranza also explains that there is an increased risk for periodontal patients for cardiovascular disease, but he adds that there is inefficient evidence that periodontal treatment has any impact of the heart disease. In one study there was a 44% increased risk for patients under 65.

Amber Starnes 36

___ Johansson, C., Richter, A., Lundström, Å., Thorstensson, H., & Ravald, N. (2008). Periodontal conditions in patients with coronary heart disease: a case–control study. //Journal Of Clinical Periodontology//, //35//(3), 199-205. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01185.x After reading Carranza and the article I selected I have come to the understanding perio disease is a great indicator for future CHD and MI. It was even more interesting that it was noted that the extent of the periodontitis is a greater indicator for the severity of CHD. It would be great to hear of more research if there is any reduction of CHD if patients treat the periodontal disease and receive maintenance. A Yanez 37

Liu, J., Wu, Y., Ding, Y., Meng, S., Ge, S., & Deng, H. (2010). Evaluation of serum levels of C-reactive protein and lipid profiles in patients with chronic periodontitis and/or coronary heart disease in an ethnic Han population. //Quintessence International//, //41//(3), 239-247. Retrieved April 24, 2012, from [|http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=24&sid=44664532-bd60-4c49-9033-20ceb6988365%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ddh&AN=48791261] Caranza states that periodontal dieses is an infectious disease associated with a small number of gram negative microorganism that exist subgingival biofilm. The host plays a key factor in the progression of periodontal dieses depending on the health of lack there of. Adults with periodontitis have an increase in the risk of CHD by 25% also patients that have poor oral hygiene are also at an increase risk for CHD. Basically periodontal dieses can affect the onset or progression of other disease in the body such as CHD, atherosclerosis and Ischemic heart disease to name a few. CA20

Li, X. X., Tse, H. F., & Jin, L. J. (2011). Novel Endothelial Biomarkers: Implications for Periodontal Disease and CVD. //Journal Of Dental Research//, //90//(9), 1062-1069. doi:10.1177/0022034510397194 My article was about the correlation between endothelial dysfunction and periodontal infections; the connection that uncontrolled periodontal infections potentiate up-regulation of systemic levels of inflammation, affecting endothelial vasculature dysfunction and subsequently contributing to atherosclerosis. Their study demonstrates that chronic periodontitis is associated with increased levels of circulating EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells). EPCs are closely linked to endothelial function and their biomarkers act as potent effectors in systemic inflammation, suggesting that they play a critical role in progression of CVD. This finding supports the hypothesis that CPCs (circulating progenitor cells) can be affected by an increased systemic inflammation from uncontrolled periodontal disease/infections. Their study suggests that treatment of periodontal disease could significantly decrease circulating CD34 counts that are involved in vascular inflammation and repair and therefore can improve not only the periodontal condition, but reduce risk of vascular injuries and cardiovascular events. Carranza states that there is a moderate degree of evidence that supports an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis, MI, and cardiovascular disease, however Carranza goes on to state that there is insufficient evidence that shows that treatment of periodontal disease has any impact on the risk of heart disease. Carranza emphasizes that periodontal infection is not the cause, but does exacerbates systemic health issues and increases the risk of making a condition such as CVD worse. ACS #35

Joshipura, K., Zevallos, J., & Ritchie, C. (2009). Strength of Evidence Relating Periodontal Disease and Atherosclerotic Disease. Compendium Of Continuing Education In Dentistry (15488578), 30(7), 430-439.

This article assesses the evidence relating periodontal disease to arteriosclerotic disease. The article states that chronic infection may initiate atherosclerosis or interact with other risk factors to amplify the vessels inflammatory response. Carranza states that there is a 25% increased for CHD in patients with periodontal disease than in those that do not have periodontal disease. Charlene Malit #29

Hsin-Chia, H., Josphipura, K. J., Colditz, G., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., & Willett, W. C. (2004). The Association Between

Tooth Loss and Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women. //Journal Of Public Health Dentistry//, //64//(4), 209-215.

This article studied the link between tooth loss and CHD. The study concluded that patients who had fewer teeth at baseline were more likely to develop coronary heart disease at a follow up visit. Diet and chronic inflammatory mediators have been thought to be the primary link between oral health and coronary heart disease. Carranza discussed the link between perio. disease and CHD. He mentioned that there is no cuasitive link between perio disesease and CHD, but there is a relationship between the two. He also mentioned that more studies need to be conducted to determine if the treatment of perio. disease has any affect on CHD. Elina Sandoval #34

___________ Cronin, A. (2009). Periodontal disease is a risk marker for coronary heart disease?. //Evidence-Based Dentistry //, //10 //(1), 22. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400634

The big idea for my article was periodontal disease being a risk marker for coronary heart diesase and the relationship being bidirectional. In Carranza there were many different studies that were done to see if CHD had a direct relationship with periodontal disease and from what it seemed like, Carranza mentioned many other risk factors that had to do with lifestyle and that both periodontal disease and CHD have the same risk factors so it is hard to determine if there is a direct link even though the studies show that there is a higher perecentage of people with CHD that also have periodontal disease. SF25